Neurology Diagnostics

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Theorists like Paul Tillich and psychoanalysts such as Sigmund Freud described this kind of anxiety as the “trauma of nonbeing.” The human being comes at a time in his life where he realizes that there is the possibility of ceasing to exist (die). It then develops the anxiety about the reality and existence. According to Tillich and Freud, religion becomes an important mechanism for dealing with this type of anxiety, since many religions define death as a divine and eternal continuity of life on earth as opposed to the complete end of existence.

According to Viktor Frankl, author of the book Man’s Search for Meaning (in English), the lowest instincts of the human face of mortal danger is to find a way of life to combat this “trauma of non- being “at the approach of death, when the temptation to succumb to (even by suicide) is very strong.

At its highest level, anxiety is manifested by a total grip on the individual who loses his perceptions of the environment, time, emotions to which he is accustomed. We then speak of “Raptus anxiety” (eg following an overdose on amphetamines). The degree of intensity may be so great that it is virtually essential to practice medical treatment.

For psychoanalysis, the anxiety is distinguished from anxiety, the nature (object loss, depression, psychosis, castration) should be investigated in the framework of psychoanalytic interviews in order to establish its intrapsychic function for illuminate the point of view of consciousness and beyond in a cure. Also in psychoanalysis, four emotions are repressed and need to be felt among people anxious: fear, regret, frustration and disappointment.

A qualitative impairment in social interaction seen sometimes in the first months of life by a lack of contact with the parents, especially the mother. Many children with autism, the mother does not stretch out her arms to be lifted. They smile back if they are smiled at and take to the parents to not have adequate eye contact. Nevertheless, autistic children are just as strong an emotional bond with her mother and non-autistic children and have as much compassion as non-autistic children.  This compares to a strong Object-oriented, often with a certain type of objects is limited. Your attention is directed to a few things, such as faucets, door handles, joints between slabs or graph paper, they attract like magic, so that everything else passes them. They often find objects in one other foreign object, such as the parts of a toy train by size and color, or their only interest in a toy car is to turn the wheels constantly.

In addition to categorizing subdivisions of autism in several, are clearly delimited from each species are the

• Autism spectrum or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This is a concept of a smooth transition between the different forms, one in particular in the growing English-speaking point of view of such a continuum of different forms. Represented approximately by Tony Attwood, who justified his view with the possibility of transitions in individual cases. For example there are autistic people that meet the diagnostic criteria of Asperger’s syndrome, the abnormalities in early childhood, however, corresponded to the diagnosis of Kanner’s syndrome. Moreover, it is doubtful whether one based on theoretical models of intelligence IQ measurement or an arbitrary maximum age limit for the language used for the distinction.

Published a study by a significant proportion of ICD-10 were diagnosed with infantile autism or atypical autism diagnosed according to people with Asperger Gillberg diagnostic criteria.

• A clinical autism spectrum diagnosis by doctors or psychologists usually placed under the condition that a person suffers in several areas of life. A person may well be autistic, but because of their situation in life, talent and / or support of education, training, employers, friends, partners or other forms of support to cope well enough to get no clinical diagnosis. In this case, such a person may receive a diagnosis, if, after a possible loss of aid leads to an anomaly, so that doctors and therapists can justify a clinical diagnosis.
• The question of whether it is in autism or autism spectrum disorders a category or a dimension is unclear. There is literature on subclinical forms of autism, a chapter about “Autistic Echos” in the book “The shadow syndrome: Neurobiology and mild forms of mental disorders”. In research, the concept of a ‘Broad Autism Phenotypes examines’, such as autistic traits from parents of autistic children.
• Some other official (ICD-10/DSM-IV) and unofficial (not in ICD-10/DSM-IV) diagnoses are examined in relation to autism, such as Hyperlexia, nonverbal learning disability, dyspraxia, sensory integration disorder or linguistic-pragmatic disorder . The issue of these as a separate diagnosis, or rather as part of a broader autism spectrum may be seen is unclear.

Anxiety is the phenomenological psychiatry biological and behavioral state of alert, somatic and psychological stress, in connection with an unpleasant feeling of fear, anxiety or other emotions. Physiological events may accompany the state of anxiety: dizziness, nausea, palpitations, difficulty breathing, chest of contrition, sweating. However, when physical symptoms are present, one class rather then the phenomenon under the name of anxiety.

When anxiety is unnecessary, or it is disproportionate to its purpose, or caused by disease or intake of a substance, known as anxiety disorders, which are a condition in which an individual does longer able to control his anxiety

• The typical autism does not meet all diagnostic criteria of infantile autism and does not show until after the third year of life. As a subtype of autism but he is differential diagnosis for Asperger syndrome defined.

• The Asperger Syndrome (obsolete even autistic psychopathy and schizoid disorder of childhood), especially with a date of her age-appropriate language (according to the ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria for a diagnosis – after a while Gillberg & Gillberg delayed language development a possible diagnostic criterion represents) and a correct from a formal point of view of language. People with Asperger syndrome are often clumsy motor.

To form the circle of pervasive developmental disorders according to classification of the diagnostic manuals ICD-10 are in addition to autistic disorder (in the strict sense) but also the

• Rett syndrome and Heller’s syndrome (disintegrative psychosis of childhood) that have similar symptoms, but differ in the course of autism. In Rett syndrome is now also a characteristic of this genetic alteration detected.

The early childhood autism, Kanner’s syndrome and, most striking feature in addition to the behavioral abnormalities: due to the early occurrence of severely impaired speech, motor impairment only other disabilities, often hindered spiritually. Depending on the intellectual capacity of early childhood autism is further subdivided in Low, Intermediate and High Functioning Autism (LFA, IFA and HFA). As LFA in the English area of early childhood autism associated with mental retardation, referred to as HFA those with normal or above-average intelligence level. The distinction between HFA and Asperger’s syndrome following is not clear why the terms are sometimes also used synonymously.

Leo Kanner (Lit: Kanner 1943) and Hans Asperger (ref: Asperger 1938) took the notion – independently – on and described a special kind of disorder you distinguish this people with schizophrenia to withdraw active in their affairs, of those who live from birth in a state of inner solitude. This expanded the meaning of the term “autism”.

Kanner took the term “autism” narrow, which corresponded broadly to the so-called infantile autism today (hence: Kanner’s syndrome). His view gained international recognition and became the basis for further autism research. The publications, however Asperger described “autism” were somewhat different and at first received little international. This was the one taking place simultaneously at the Second World War, partly because that Asperger published in German and it’s not translated into English texts for decades. Hans Asperger himself was called by him the syndrome described “autistic psychopathy”. The English psychologist Lorna Wing (Ref: Wing 1981) led her away in the 1980s and the name of an Asperger’s Syndrome. Only in the 1990s, Asperger’s international research reputation acquired in professional circles.

The interests of autistic people are usually limited to certain areas, but have some of them drawing on the area of their special interest extraordinary abilities, such as in mental arithmetic, in music or in the memory. This is called an “island of genius”; those who have are called savants. 50 percent of known Inselbegabten are autistic. You can not possibly wear alone, but may complete telephone books and encyclopedias to learn by heart, like Kim Peek, since the film “Rain Man” the best known of the Savants (but not autistic).