Inconsistent reactions may involve empathic failure in social interaction or a lack of knowledge not only of the other but of oneself, a kind of hole where the connections are lost or codes that cause an individual to understand the other without taking a rigid posture of criticism or trial. The inconsistency indicates a lack of those who can not develop empathy to accept that the world of emotions and reactions not only as he sees it includes a wide range of reactions, priorities and decisions on matters beyond their expertise.

In general, these individuals believe that only they see the world from a perspective of positive colors and judge the emotionality exhibition of others as a negative attitude, when in fact what happens to them is that they can accept on the other his capacity for self-recognition of their problems as the first step to address them. These individuals tend to react even with demonstrations psychosomatic because of mental incapacity to process emotions.

The incongruity of affect trial proclaimed and issued, as well as the incongruity between what they feel and what they perceive to alter the dynamics of social relations temporarily, sometimes indefinitely, although, as already mentioned, the empathy of someone who is not understood could remedy the defect or at least prevent the inconsistency of the person insufficiently empathetic relationship loses depth and objectives

It should be noted that in general, lack of empathy is associated with a low level of insight (self-analysis, self-questioning), and as you say Albiol and his colleagues, including researchers in the field, the social perception or ability to judge the roles and social rules and social context are similarly altered without the persons in question may even see it, for them the trial is positive, your intention is the best and their perception is the closest to reality. The others are the naysayers, malicious and blind to reality. In other words, by their lack of insight move their disabilities at the other and to continue his life without conflict or question their false truths.

The empathy or ability to “get in each other’s shoes” is a basic characteristic of human beings, but each possesses or develops at different levels. There are those who are highly empathetic and can understand others as if they were happening to themselves what the others live, and from this high degree of neuronal perception opens up a wide range of sensitivities that close decreasing individual who can not but like, understand each other from a different perspective than their own.
Illusory understandings

The affective-social problem arises, as expected, between those who believe to understand each other in conflicts but in reality they are mere observers or witnesses limited to a situation that had not been lived “in the flesh” can not be for them assimilated or analyzed from the heart of the emotions, feelings and actions of those who actually have it.

This type of “illusory understanding” occurs especially in situations beyond the ordinary shares such as: moves that involve large social and cultural changes, divorce, family crisis, employment decisions based on individual priorities and a series of circumstances that require high empathy to be understood from the outside, yet from the “inside”.

The consequence is immediate and mediate within that whoever believes understand but do not understand, takes a critical stance that hurts who hopes to be understood, who receives a partial theory and rigid “appropriate behavior” for your situation, based on assumptions that are not related to the center of his conflict or his emotions. This often leads to the person in crisis to create a temporary distance to release the space of misunderstanding harmful to your situation.

Can heal the emotional relationship if both people admit there is a mismatch between what you live and the other senses, and between what you need and the other offers or demands. In this process comes into play the empathy of the person suffering but is not understood, who noticing the other’s inability to put yourself in their shoes, you can choose to ignore criticism and incongruent reactions of the person who is unable to itself felt in what happens to others, without doubt the affection that unites them.

The amygdala is an area of our brain with almond-shaped and receives a large amount of information in our environment, for example, smells, sights, sounds … We could say that the amygdala is our sentinel.

What do you do with all those signs? Responds to them by primitive signs thanks to his connections with the spinal cord, such as heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate. This explains that when someone comes to us at night and the fact that our life is in danger, we increase the heart rate, blood pressure and breathe in a jerky fashion. In addition, the pupils dilate and increases sweating. The amygdala has just activated the alarm.
Connections of the amygdala

The signals from the amygdala reach the hypothalamus, the area where corticotropic releasing hormone (HCT), which in turn is responsible for the release of cortisol (stress hormone). Cortisol is the substance responsible for leading the fight or flight through connections with our metabolism, since it directly influences the amount of glucose you should get the muscles.

There are connections from the amygdala that go to the cingulate cortex and other fibers that go directly into specific muscles. Such connections are what make the dog growl, arching your back and tighten cat musculature of the human vocal cords. So when we fear we get a high-pitched voice.

The information is also directed toward the locus coeruleus, an area in the brainstem, which is responsible for producing norepinephrine and disperse throughout the brain. The result? All of our brain is alert, the smallest of the stimulus can make us tremble in fear.

These connections bypass the cerebral cortex, what does this mean? We can not control. Our rational brain is outside the control of all these kinds of responses.

Neurotransmitters and fear

Being afraid is not bad. It is natural and positive, inherent in all animals. What is your role? Alerted to the danger, the defense planning and ensure our survival. Now, one of the characteristics of fear is anxiety and this depends basically on the interrelationship between two neurotransmitters, oxytocin and vasopressin at the level of the amygdala.

When the amygdala oxytocin dominates the person is calmer in situations of danger, while if more vasopressin increases anxiety, uncertainty and, ultimately, fear grips us. Our body prepares for fight or flight.
Fear Gene

Experience shows that not all people react the same way to a dangerous situation and, in part, our genes have much to say. Some scientists believe they have discovered the gene for fear. It is called COMT and directly regulates anxiety. It has been shown that this gene has two variants: Met 158 ​​and Val 158, ie, at position 158 can be methionine or valine. Those with two copies of Met 158 have a greater degree of anxiety when viewing unpleasant pictures and those with two copies of Val 158 to better control their emotions .

In short, the amygdala is the conductor of the responses of fear and its score are oxytocin and vasopressin.

Falling in love is considered by some scholars psychologists as a state of temporary psychosis, a crazy, to the surprise of a feeling that overpowers and confounds, which pushes to want to run faster than the wind and eat the world. Logic, reason trial and never could come into play in the psyche of a person in love. As stated by the psychiatrist and writer Irvin Yalom , a leading proponent of contemporary humanistic psychology, psychologists do not want to meet people in love, at least not during the short time that this state away from the clouded reason, because, simply, is useless to try to reason with them.

However, the person who has reached the certain conclusion that his sentiment is reflected in the verb to love , regardless of the intensity of acute and falling in love, logic, reasoning and self-analysis play important roles in decision making and the impact of each step to take. You can retain some impulsivity, if this is part of the personalities involved, but the long term are sought, as opposed to falling in love, in which the next thing to live is important.

In each process, the brain behaves differently, and thus the psyche of the individual, intimate relationship with the brain circuits activated express different behaviors.

The brain mechanisms involved in infatuation and love

According to researchers Bianchi-Demicheli, Grafton and Ortique University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland, the site of brain processing of love “romantic” correlates with subcortical structures involved in reward, motivation and the development of emotions . This finding suggested that love as a feeling, have a clearly directed toward complacency and is much more than a simple and spontaneous emotion .

In the early stages, when the attraction is overpowering and unmanageable from reason, mediate goals and long term can not be defined, although, paradoxically, is often the most time fantasizing the future. The intense emotions beyond any process of maturation and the words flow without a rationale or strong mental processing.

The behavior of a person in love, Bianchi-Demicheli state and its partners, once the love is transformed into a feeling, it becomes predictable and intended for a particular purpose. The authors demonstrated that brain function in cognitive tasks markedly rises to relate, even subliminally, by the name of the loved one, suggesting a facilitative action of love over many brain circuits, including that of cognition.

During the crush, the brain seems sunk to an obsession or addiction unmanageable related intimately to the idea of being that has captivated not seem to have cognitive processing circuits involved, but emotions and feelings associated with passionate instinctive behavior.

When love calls for decisions

Decisions made during the period of infatuation ethereal usually no real decisions. They are, however, fits with the feet not anchored to the mainland.

The feelings of joy and spiritual well-being confused with the physical excitement and euphoria of falling in love causes, and the mixture of the four emotions up to a conscious decision but a strong desire expressed as a plan equivalent to an imperfect future model of a real decision.

Over time the “madness of love” or transient psychosis, as Yalom calls it, the sudden feeling of love begins to take root on land and only then, decisions decisions or processes can be considered complete brain.

Being loving, he starts to feel their emotional needs, and not only physical or instinctive, and that which should fill in a period of infatuation could become an incomplete project according to their basic needs for shelter, company, projection and joint plans. This is the time in which reality imposes on the imagination.

The left brain (logical, thinking and the benefits and risks sopesante) begins to play a leading role on any decision to take. The vision of the beloved is expanded markedly, beginning the stage of real vision of others and their circumstances. The analysis of the reality surpasses the words heard.

The brain circuits that are involved and are more cognitive, including mathematical, speculative gains and losses of their own.

The right brain tends to balance the logical analysis of the left hemisphere, keeping emotions in a space supremacy over rational thought, until the latter rigidly imposed to save the self-esteem based on unmet needs, and preserve the emotional health of those who may be damaged if not met as scheduled or expected. The expectations are confronted with promises, to the facts. The thought process takes over bottom and emotional figure in a game of self-defense and conquest.

The limbic system, processor par excellence of the emotions, and empathy , the supreme condition of man, mark the route and destination of each connection once both hemispheres participate in the analysis of the appropriateness of that love as an emotion experienced before overpowering.
Conclusion

The infatuation excites the senses and clouds the reasoning but does the cycle in a few months to produce, or not, the true feeling of love, which is based on processes anchored in both hemispheres.

During the infatuation of the reasons or logical theories have no place whatsoever, nor self-analysis, but after initial instinctive emotion processed to become a feeling rooted and projects, such love demands from basic needs of those who love, the reason amalgamates the feeling and focus on the limbic and cortical areas and processing suborticales than evaluating every aspect of that feeling with full power to alter human behavior.

The love, by definition, is a feeling of affection we feel toward another person. Now, it can measure love? A priori we would say that love can not be quantified, it depends on many variables, which are immeasurable. However, the reality is quite different. You can measure and is measured from more than 20 years, from 1986, when the psychologist Elaine Hatfield and Susan Sprecher sociologist developed what they called Passionate Love Scale. Using a simple test can measure the love that a person is another. The questionnaire consists of 30 questions and the respondent must respond to each using a number between 1 and 9 as it is agreed with the statement (1 = strongly disagree and 9 = strongly agree). Among the questions included are:

I feel deep despair if he / she leaves me
Sometimes I feel I can not control my thoughts, I think he / she obsessively
I feel happy when I do something to make him / her happy
I’d rather be with him / her with any / a
I would be jealous if he / she think he was in love with / to another / a
I long to know everything about him / her
Him / her want physically, emotionally and mentally
I have an insatiable appetite for affection to him / her
To me it’s the perfect romantic partner
I feel that my body responds when I touch
He / she seems to always on my mind
I want you to know my thoughts, my fears and my hopes
I eagerly look for signs to indicate their desire for me
Caused a powerful attraction on him / her
I get depressed a lot when things go wrong in my relationship with him / her

What is the brain region of heartbreak?

We have all felt at one time a characteristic and indescribable discomfort when someone socially or emotionally rejected. But what happens in our brains? Why produce the anxiety and unease that grips us and let us not concentrate?

Scientists seem to have found the answer to all these questions. Apparently the anguish and pain, in neurological terms, is that certain areas are activated brain that play an essential role in motivation, reward and addiction. To reach this conclusion a study conducted in 15 men and women of college age, who had been abandoned by their partners and recognizing love-recognized remain to spend more than 85% of the day thinking about your ex-partner and not hesitate to return to her if he asked. The average length of time that had passed the break was 63 days.

First, participants applied the Passionate Love Scale, then underwent functional magnetic resonance and observed what was happening in their brains if they showed a picture of the ex-partner and a photograph of another person. The scientists found that all participants were stimulated more brain regions when shown the photograph of his former partner was displayed when the other people. Stimulated regions were: the ventral tegmental area (controls motivation and reward and is known for his role in the feelings of love romantic), the nucleus accumbens, the orbitofrontal cortex and prefrontal cortex (related to the yearnings and addictions ), and the insular cortex and anterior cingulate cortex (associated with physical pain and disgust).

This finding may help us better understand why sometimes emotional rejection is so difficult to control and why it sometimes leads to harassment, homicide or suicide.
The emotional and physical pain are related

In another study, this time conducted by psychology professor Ethan Kross of the University of Michigan, it was confirmed that when we suffer a broken heart in our brain are activated the same brain regions that when we have a painful sensory response (eg hit a finger with a hammer or we spill hot coffee on your leg). In other words, the physical pain and emotional are neurologically more related than we thought.

In short, there is an overlap in the brain between physical damage and social rejection.

Researchers found that people who dreamed about a maze game that had just played better the next play, compared to those not dreamed of the game.

“There are parts of the brain that actually reproduce the memory of walking through the maze, and that improve memory and lead to better performance,” said study coauthor Robert Stickgold, director of the Center for Sleep and Cognition, Faculty of Medicine of Harvard.

Dreams have always fascinated people. “We started thousands of years ago, thinking they were messages from God,” he said Stickgold. “Then came Freud, and said they were messages from our subconscious pernicious and immoral.”

Then, scientists thought that dreams were “random activation of nerves in the brain stem,” Stickgold said. Now, he said, “we started to say that at one level, as more or less have always known, do something to our memory.”

In the new study, published in the online edition of the April 22 issue of the journal Current Biology, the researchers asked 99 subjects to play a video game they had to find their way through a maze with the help of a three-dimensional description of it.
Participants then stayed awake for two hours, or took a nap. They played the maze game again five hours later.

Four participants reported having dreamed of the maze during nap time. They were among the most improved when they played the maze after the second time, ten times better than the others who took naps.

Then those who had dreams, what they learned while dreaming? It is not entirely clear how dreams are connected with the experience of playing the maze game, but Stickgold thinks “the process of dream reflects an underlying brain activity” that determines “which means the learning experience, learning how to do better “.

Another mystery: why the maze dreamed so few people? Less than ten percent of those who took naps did. In contrast, Stickgold said, about 86 percent of those who played a game of ski racing in the Alps dreamed it. Perhaps the game “is not sufficiently rich or attractive,” he said. He said that future research will try to find out why.

But for now, at least one brain researcher familiar with the study was unimpressed with the findings. “There is no convincing evidence that sleep has no effect on memory consolidation,” said Irwin Feinberg, professor resident who studies sleep at the University of California, Davis. Sleep is not clearly necessary for people to remember things he said.

But Stickgold says this is a misunderstanding of their research. “Nobody in the field suggests that we must sleep to learn things or retain memories,” he said.

“Our results show that a short night of sleep has more profound effects on metabolic regulation than we thought,” said Esther Donga, director of the University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands, who led the study published Wednesday.

Type 2 diabetes is caused by the body’s inability to properly use insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, to control glucose from food. Sugar level rises and damages the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and major arteries.
The disease, linked to poor diet and lack of exercise, is reaching epidemic levels. It is estimated that 180 million people have diabetes worldwide. Previous studies have found that poor sleep several nights could lead to inefficient use of insulin, but Donga said this is the first study to examine what effect it may have a bad night’s sleep.
The Dutch scientists examined nine healthy subjects, once after eight hours of sleep and again after just four hours. The findings, published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (JCEM), showed that partial sleep restriction during a single night reduced some types of insulin sensitivity by 19 to 25 percent. “Our data indicate that insulin sensitivity is not fixed in the (people) healthy, but depends on the duration of sleep in last night,” Donga wrote in the study.

“In fact, it is tempting to speculate that the negative effects of multiple short nights of sleep on glucose tolerance can be played, at least in part, with one bad night of sleep,” he said.
A study by U.S. scientists published last year found that people who slept less than six hours per night were 4.5 times more likely to develop blood sugar levels abnormal in six years, compared with those who slept more. Experts believe that an adult needs between seven and nine hours of sleep. Donga said further studies are needed to check if improving sleep duration may help stabilize glucose levels in patients with diabetes.

“I’m not saying that we should open dating services,” he said in a news release study author Charles Fleming, a research scientist at the University of Washington. “But it’s something parents should know, and others working with young adults these days.”

Fleming and his team report their findings in the June issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior. The observation comes from a survey launched initially in the early 90′s, followed more than 900 adolescents of both sexes in first or second year until two years after high school graduation.

The study authors found that while single 19 to 20 years had actually smoked and drank less than their peers in high school, when they arrived at the beginning of young adulthood consumer roles were reversed.

“They reach and perhaps surpass their peers,” Fleming said, referring to the finding that at that age, unmarried individuals actually had 40 percent more likely to smoke marijuana than those who continued to live alone but were in a relationship.

Fleming and colleagues theorized that the support of the couple could explain the finding, plus the likelihood that those in relationships are happier and spend less time socializing among substance abusers in bars or parties.

However, relationships do not always provide a protective function. The study also revealed that those in a relationship with a heavy drinker or user of marijuana were in fact more likely, not less, also smoking or drinking.

This world of comfort and security in which we live has been conservative, suspicious of the future and hesitant, introspective and, worse, has become quite insecure and suspicious persons. Much of this is due to the protective and permissive education for parents of recent generations have given their children. That feeling of being in exchange for almost nothing and with as few limitations and obligations, acts as a brake on change, by increasing the level of prevention and demand to the uncertainties generated by structural changes. No doubt there are barriers to the objective that you can barely speak, as the high cost of housing and low pay and lack of work, making difficult decisions about the emancipation and development.

But three decades ago, or lived so comfortably, nor the people had been so long (before married life and having children) to build itself, to define their own preferences and lifestyle. Create a family home or go to parents is important disclaimers, which may be more than compensated once the change but people do think about it long before making the decision.

Very important

Some young people expressed fear of commitment to others and even the commitment to autonomy. Fear of responsibility, to live independently and emotional territorial about their parents. Fear, in short, to take care of themselves, be responsible for their actions, decisions and opinions. Fear usually reveals a disproportion between the size of what we face and the resources we have for it. And it is not sufficient to have these resources, we have become aware of our ability and this is essential to implement it.

Here is the heart of the matter. The parents have their children protected both have wanted to pave both the road, which have only put up barriers to its development. They have forgotten to fend for yourself and develop the capacity to address the concerns, problems and difficulties, only learn from a range of opinion and action, which should leave the building over the years. Young people have of generating their own resources, experience and testing capabilities that mistakes are learning opportunities to create more effective and appropriate responses. A young man who ignores their abilities tend to be insecure and fearful, to manifest dependence on people who have helped solve their problems. One thing is to help children and another, very different, tasks and decisions that belong to them.

Memory can be defined as brain function, through synapses or connections between neurons allows us to recall facts, objects, sounds and sensations past.

Punset Eduard says: “Without memory there is life” since the last unites memory with this offering the subject a sense of continuity in time. But not only that, it also allows us to imagine the future based on various elements that are associated stored causing a reality that has occurred.

Sensory memory stores its data in different parts of the brain and are unified by the hippocampus .

“Do not store them in the head that you fit in a pocket.” Albert Einstein

Daniel Schacter, a psychologist at the University of hardward, is author of The Seven Sins of Memory, which explains why the memory is not totally reliable since it depends on several factors, including care provided at the time lived. If we look at several things at once is more likely to fall into oblivion.

The brain must select the data most important to save, to make room for what’s important. This is an adaptive need “You need to forget some things to move forward in life,” says Schacter.

Although memory has a very high storage capacity, connections that neurons make less available the more ancient they are. It is also harder to remember the more memories accumulate.

Memory errors

The misattribution is to remember a certain aspect but take it out of context and invented a story that can mix elements lived in different situations.

Also influence knowledge in memory, feelings and beliefs today. That is why Punset gives importance to unlearn, as it allows access to new possibilities.

Memory fails, mainly when evoking the details, but essentially keeps well.

Memories can also be induced and stolen. It is possible to believe a person who remembers something lived in reality and also that of winning the role of a fact that has only been a spectator.

If you want to remember is to pay attention to the information at the time of capture it. A good trick is to repeat, out loud, the contextualizing data to preserve or at the site has been acquired.

Memory is a faculty that can be lost due to age or illness, however, recent studies indicate the possibility of exercising, maintaining and even increasing through either physical training, manual or intellectual. In this sense, can be found in the Red j ames memory to maintain the necessary activity of neurons.
Mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s

According to studies recently carried out by Spanish researchers, the loss of short-term memory and mild cognitive impairment , characterized by missing objects, forgetfulness of scheduled tasks and the difficulty in finding the right word to communicate, could herald the condition of Alzheimer’s disease.

The number of Alzheimer patients has increased as people enjoy more years of life. Its early onset is due to heredity, at least 1% of cases, and shares the brain lesions that characterize the most common form of the disease whose onset is presented in most cases, after 65.
Research

Scientific studies to guide their efforts to detect the disease even before symptoms manifest. Thus, in Mexico, have begun clinical trials with drugs and vaccines in a range of people with a family history of the disease or carry the gene that predisposes to this disorder.

The great difficulty which is prevention research is that it is costly and time demonstrating that a product prevents disease do patients with obvious symptoms.

On the other hand, advances in imaging the brain and its processes enables a better understanding of the factors and functioning of this organ, suggesting a promising future to compensate when the most serious disease of memory.

Oblivion, often want and need, sometimes becomes a burden make it difficult reaching function in most trivial tasks.