Neurology Diagnostics

Archive for the ‘Neurological Info’ Category

They get store specific patterns of neural activity in brain tissue in vitro.

Sometimes science gets closer to science fiction, but does so at a speed so slow that we do not realize. The possibility that brain tissue in vitro is still in operation and the ability to store memories seem science fiction, or at least so it seemed.

Now, Ben W. Phillip Larimer and Strowbridge, both of Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, have managed to be the first to store specific patterns of neural activity in brain tissue in vitro.
Neuroscientists memory classified into three types: declarative memory (which stores the facts or remember specific events), procedural memory (which is what allows us to play the piano or riding a bicycle) and working memory (a type of short term memory term that allows us, for example, memorize the phone number that we will check). Larimer and Strowbridge were interested in identifying specific neural circuits responsible for memory.

In particular wanted to study a special type of neurons in the hippocampus called mossy cells, and often are damaged in humans with epilepsy. The motivation was that some people with epilepsy experience memory deficits, so they questioned whether there was a fundamental level connection between mossy cells and memory circuit.
So they began to work and isolated mouse brain tissue. In addition, managed to find a way to recreate the working memory in vitro.

The advantage of mossy cells, unlike other neurons, they can maintain their normal activity even if they are arranged in small sheets of tissue. The spontaneous electrical activity of these neurons was critical in discovering the remains of memory in that brain region.

When stimulated with electrodes hippocampus sheets found that spontaneous activity in mossy cells could “remember” which electrodes had been activated. This memory lasted about 10 seconds, which is more or less as long as a souvenir in the working memory in humans. It is no coincidence that this memory effect has occurred in the hippocampus, the brain region associated with short-term memories in humans.
Strowbridge says is the first time anyone has managed to store information on the spontaneous activity of mammalian tissues.

These researchers measured the frequency of “inputs” in synaptic mossy cells to determine how memory is retained in the hippocampus. As in our own memories, the memory that the researchers were able to recreate in vitro tissue slices were stored in many neurons at once. The memory was not as in isolated cells but in a population of cells.
Larimer and Strowbridge also found that the memory effect occurred because of a rare type of cell called semilunar granule cells which, incidentally, were described in 1893 by Ramon y Cajal and have been in academic obscurity for over a century until they were rediscovered by Strowbridge’s group in 2007. Semilunar granule cells are the third type of brain cells that this group has discovered.

Semilunar granule cells have an unusual form of persistent activity while allowing them to maintain memory and connect to the mossy cells. This result was the key of the paper published.
These researchers are now studying how much information can be stored in the hippocampus. It took four years to be capable, in a reproducible manner, to store two bits of information during 10 seconds. They believe their findings should progress faster now that they know what they are looking and have found the brain circuit that really keeps the short-term memory.

One study does relate certain aspects of religious thought with damage to specific brain regions.

For a Christian transcendence, by definition, transcends the self and all earthly things. The feelings of faith, inner peace and spirituality the lives of truth, but is supposed to come given by the hereafter. What if those feelings were produced by the brain itself or a specific part of it? If so, those feelings would be a mere by-product of our brains, induced a sense physically. Well, apparently this is precisely what has been demonstrated recently.
In a recent study in patients with brain tumors shows that part of the parietal cortex regulates these religious issues. These patients have had to remove part of the brain region and after surgery were even more attracted to transcendent experiences.

In recent years scientists have been interested on the neurological aspects of religious thought, leading to various theories about its origin and biological utility. However, nuclear magnetic resonance studies on believers and nonbelievers have not shown so far that there is a specific region that regulates this. Therefore, it was assumed that the religious aspects should be covered by the brain as a whole and not a specific area. The study of Cosimo Urgesi, University of Udine in Italy, and colleagues contradict this conclusion; study was recently published in Neuron.

This group of scientists subjected 88 patients suffering from brain cancer to a questionnaire covering various aspects of significance before and after subjecting them to surgery to extirpate the tumor. The second round of questions is effected between 3 and 7 days postoperatively.

The questionnaire focused on issues and autotrascendecia components: belief in a higher power, ability to lose yourself for a moment, feeling spiritually connected in a profound way with other people or with nature … also asked if they believed in the ESP, miracles and other metaphysical phenomena.
These patients had two types of cancer: gliomas, affecting the cells surrounding the neurons, and meningiomas, which affect only the membrane surrounding the brain. Due to the nature of these two kinds of tumors, the doctors had to remove neurons from 48 patients in the first case because the tumor had spread, while the second case suffered no loss of neurons.

Those patients suffering from gliomas that had the tumor in the back of their brains, including the inferior parietal lobe, temporal cortex and right angle ring, scored higher on the spiritual scale (depending on test) than those suffering the same type of cancer, but they had it on the front. Once received in the operating room the difference in score between each other is emphasized. Also, could see that those who lost certain areas of the parietal cortex due to the operation showed the highest score.

In patients with tumors located in other brain regions, or affected by meningiomas, there was no change or a particular religious or transcendent feeling.
The researchers conclude that these regions normally inhibit the transcendent thought and the damage caused to them by the tumor or surgery triggers these feelings. The posterior parietal cortex is related to the ability to provide the location and position of the human body in space, so their damage may affect this feeling and to convince the person concerned that his ego transcends the reality of the here and now. The results support the idea that the mystical experience arises from the feeling of being disconnected spatially own body.

This could be the first significant result in this field of spirituality, a phenomenon which otherwise is very complex and essential in humans. Apparently, although many patients had previously undergone such operations suffered emotional changes of this type, no investigator had taken the time to rate it, because it is considered that it was something belonging to the personal sphere of people.

According Urguesi, the result shows that some complex characteristics of personality are more malleable than previously thought. He speculates that the low activity of parietal regions in people with brain injuries may predispose to feelings of transcendence and, perhaps, to religions such as Buddhism that emphasize such experiences.
Uffe Schjødt, Aahus University of Denmark and not involved in this study, says that indeed it has been found increased activity of this brain region in those who are praying or meditating, but critical missed opportunity when you can have asked more things to patients before and after the operation, particularly with regard to their religious experiences.

In future studies the researchers intended to measure other aspects of spirituality to determine how long these spiritual feelings in patients and induce this state in healthy subjects by noninvasive techniques based on transcranial magnetic stimulation. With this technique you can “turn off” temporarily a specific brain region and see the effects it produces. This would better define the regions involved in religious sentiment.
In any case, it is still disturbing that a very particular aspect of transcendence as a mere dependent on neural activity. A nightmare for the religious, but also for the atheist, who at one point may fall into that kind of feeling could not help.

They get to reconstruct the 3D motion of a hand from the electrical signals produced by the brain using a non-invasive and portable.

Slowly but surely, the neurosciences advance that is an outrage. Recently, a group of scientists has managed to reconstruct the 3D motion of a hand from the electrical signals produced by the brain using a noninvasive method. The achievement, which was published last March 3 in the Journal of Neuroscience, could pave the way for the use of a portable computer system to control the thought of robotic arms or power wheelchairs. This would be a breakthrough for people with some kind of paralysis.

Until now, scientists had used non-invasive and portable systems for reconstruction of hand movements. In this study, Jose Contreras-Vidal and colleagues from University of Maryland formations sensors placed on the heads of the five participants in the experiment and recorded brain electrical activity using a technique called electroencephalography.
Volunteers were asked to from a central button squeezed eight other buttons in a random sequence of 10 rounds (see picture). While logging the movement of his hands were recording their brain activity.

The researchers then turned to decode brain activity and were able to associate the specific three-dimensional movements of the hand to patterns of electrical activity.
“Our results show that electrical brain activity acquired from the scalp carries enough information to reconstruct the continuous movements of the hand,” says Contreras-Vidal.

The researchers found, in particular that the sensor 34 provided the most accurate information. This sensor was placed on an area of ​​the brain called the sensorimotor cortex, which is the region associated with voluntary movements. In addition, sensors on the inferior parietal lobe also provided useful information. It is known that another region helps guide limb movement. Therefore, these results confirm the validity of the method used.
The study has implications for the future development of technologies to communicate with a computer brain. When this technology is mature may be used by people with severe neuromuscular disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, sequelae of stroke or spinal cord injuries, so they can have control over complex tasks without having electrodes implanted in the brain.

Furthermore, this result is important from the standpoint of laboratory or clinical monitoring of brain functions.
An interesting application would be able to help with this type of technique to people with paralysis to control the cursor with the thought that appears on the screen of your computer. Right now there are systems that require lengthy training the patient to be successful. Contreras-Vidal believes the training period could be reduced and need less effort if you take into account this new result.

They get technologically alter the moral judgment that people have about the intentions of others temporarily.

No moral judgment of human society, or even man himself, would disappear. That little voice that tells us what is right and what is wrong is essential to control our behavior and control of others. Moral judgment that allows us to judge others lies a specific region of the brain. What if we could alter the region in the brain of someone? Can we control and moral judgment? Would we have a moral that looser against the actions of others?
Neourocientíficos MIT, led by Rebecca Saxe, have shown that indeed can change the moral judgment of the people through the disruption of this specific area of ​​the brain. The finding may help reveal how the brain constructs morality.

For moral judgments to others often need to infer their intentions, a skill known as “theory of mind”. For example, if a hunter shoots a friend in a hunting need to know what he was thinking: What was jealous secrets or simply mistook his friend with a duck?

Previous studies had shown that the brain region known for temporal parietal junction (TPJ or in the acronym) is strongly activated when we think about others’ intentions, thoughts or beliefs. In the current study investigators temporarily disrupted TPJ activity by inducing a current brain, induction was achieved by applying a magnetic field from outside the skull. They found that the subject’s ability to make moral judgments, which required an understanding of the intentions of others (such as a failed assassination attempt), he looked upset.

According to Liane Young (author of the PNAS paper where this work is published) the study provides a striking proof that the right TPJ, which is located on the surface of the cortex above and behind the right ear, is critical in to develop moral judgments. The result is also surprising, since under normal circumstances people are very safe and is consistent in this class of moral judgments.

“Normally you think that morality is part of a high level behavior. Being able, with a magnetic field applied to a specific brain region, to change this is really astounding, “says Young.
The researchers used a noninvasive technique called Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to selectively interfere with brain activity in the right TPJ. A very intense magnetic field applied to a small area of ​​the skull creates weak currents that interfere with the neural activity of neurons located just below, the effect being temporary.
In one experiment, volunteers were exposed to 25 minutes of TMS before they made a test or test which described various scenarios on which they had to make a moral judgment on a scale from 1 (absolutely forbidden) and 7 (quite possible).
In a second experiment we applied a magnetic pulse of half a second at the moment in which subjects were asked to moral judgment. For example, they were asked whether it was permissible for someone to let his girlfriend crossed a bridge that he knew it was unsafe, even if she ended the other side unharmed. In that case a judgment based solely on the result remained the perpetrator without fault, even though apparently he intended to cause harm.

In both experiments, the researchers found that altering the right TPJ and the subjects were more likely to judge attempts to harm as morally permissible. Therefore, researchers believe that TMS interfered with the ability of subjects to interpret the intentions of others, forcing them to rely on the information of the final outcome for the trial.

The next step will be the researchers study the role of the right TPJ in judging people who are morally lucky or not. For example, a drunk driver who ran over a pedestrian would be unfortunate compared to another drunk driver who returns home without suffering setbacks, but the former tends to be judged more harshly.

First records the activity of mirror neurons in humans, finding a greater complexity than that observed so far in monkeys.

The history of mirror neurons is so pretty hard not to believe them, but ultimately not prove its existence. The concept of mirror neurons was introduced when analyzing brain activity in monkeys. You could see that certain motor neurons are activated not only when the monkey moved the arm, but when the monkey saw another move an arm, though he did not. It seemed that these neurons acted as a “mirror” of the actions of others.

From there began to assert the existence of other types of mirror neurons and neurological models were raised based on this idea. According to some mirror neurons would make us human and would be behind our ability to empathize, to feel on the skin of others. These neurons would be the mechanism that would allow us to “read” the minds of others and sympathize with them.

Thus, the suffering we experience at seeing our neighbors suffer after a natural disaster, or even the feelings we have to see the main character suffer a dramatic film, would be controlled by mirror neurons. Another type of erotic films may operate under the same neural mechanisms. It was even proposed that some form of autism could be caused by a malfunction of this type of neurons.

The problem is that there was no evidence of the existence of these neurons, only suspicion of its existence and indirect evidence. Something that hindered research in this field was the dubious morality of studying this issue by implanting electrodes in the brains of healthy people.

Now, in the April issue of the journal Cell, Itzhak Fried and Roy Mukamel, of UCLA, say they have obtained the registration for the first time the activity of mirror neurons in the human brain.
The researchers recorded the activity of single and multiple nerve cells of both the motor regions of the brain and other regions related to vision and memory. Found that most of the neurons respond only to the observation or execution of an action, but 8% of them responded to both cells would be precisely mirror neurons. They also showed that a specific subset of these mirror neurons increased their activity during the execution of an act, but its activity decreased when the action was only observed. These researchers hypothesize that the decreased activity of these cells during the observation can inhibit the observer perform the same act. Perhaps this subset of mirror neurons also help us to distinguish between the actions of others and ours.

The researchers took their data directly from the brain activity of 21 patients who were treated at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center to alleviate epilepsy. It was not implantarles electrodes in the brain to identify the focus of their seizures in order to design a treatment. Seizing the opportunity these researchers studied mirror neurons with the consent of patients.

The experiment included three parts: facial expression, grab something and a control experiment. They recorded the activity of 1,177 neurons in 21 patients while they were watching or performing the same actions. In observing the volunteers found several shares represented at the screen of a laptop. In the phase of activity is asked subjects to perform an action based on the visual representation of a word. In the control task words were presented in the same way, but were asked not to execute.

The researchers found that neurons were activated both when the individual performed the task as when watched. Mirror neurons that they carried out the responses were located in the middle frontal cortex and temporal cortex. This is the first time you see two responses reflect neural systems at the cellular level, both in monkeys and humans.
The new finding shows that mirror neurons are located in more areas of the human brain than previously thought. Because different areas of the brain are specialized for different functions (in this case the middle frontal cortex is specialized in the selection of movement and temporary storage in memory), the finding suggests that mirror neurons provide a rich and complex response to reflect the actions of others.

Because mirror neurons fire both made the action as to see it done by others, it is believed that this reflex is the neural mechanism by which the actions, intentions and emotions of people can be automatically understood.
This study sugiriere that the distribution of these cells that link the activity of self with others, is more widespread than previously thought.

According to Mukamel, in autism dysfunction may be involved in this type of neurons, as in this case the clinical symptoms include difficulties with verbal and nonverbal communication, with the imitation of others and problems having empathy for others. Therefore, a better understanding of the mirror neuron system could help design treatment strategies for this disorder.

The ball-shaped rays are described by many people during storms, but have been reluctant to be studied by science in the natural environment. The first report on ball lightning occurred in 1754 in St. Petersburg, when Dr. Richmann, trying to emulate Benjamin Franklin in the kite experiment, died struck by lightning. However, few have been seen ball lightning, and have rarely been photographed.

Because their existence is difficult to explain by conventional electromagnetism, there are dozens of exotic theories that explain, or try to explain ball lightning. These theories include the possible existence of hot silicate particles or plasma when the beam vaporizes the ground to fall, but theoretical models have been proposed to explain these complex events.
On the other hand, there have been some imitations in the laboratory. But what if we really absence of ball lightning the natural environment, how could we then explain the existing reporting their sightings (some mistaken for a UFO)? According to some physicists that the rays can be actually ball magnetically induced hallucinations, as in the laboratory the phenomenon can be replicated.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a powerful technique used by neuroscientists to study the brain. It was invented in the eighties and since then has been a powerful tool to investigate brain function. With it will be altered reversibly to the normal functioning of certain areas of the brain to learn and how they work.

TMS is based on applying a variable magnetic field (from 1 Hz to 50 Hz) powerful enough to induce currents in neurons. The intensity of this field can be up to 0.5 Tesla in the brain. Because this can be concentrated in a strong magnetic field region can induce currents reduced in specific areas sufficiently small. If, for example, this field is applied to the visual cortex of the subject, it sees light objects disks with the appearance of bubbles, ovals or lines. These “objects” are called phosphenes. Moving the field then the supposed “luminous object” scrolls across the visual field of the subject.

According to Joseph Peer and Alexander Kendl, both from the University of Innsbruck in Austria, if it happens in the laboratory may also happen in nature. They calculated that the rapid changes of the magnetic field associated with lightning and lightning are powerful enough to induce hallucinations if given less than 200 meters away.

To be a rare phenomenon as it is, the shock must be a special type in which there are repeated shocks over the same spot for a few seconds (enough to see the phenomenon for a while), a phenomenon that occurs between a 1% and 5% of all the times in which there are downloads.

They also estimate that it is not necessary for the subject to experience this phenomenon is on the outside, but can “see” the phenomenon from the safety of a house or from the cockpit of an airplane. Apparently, outside, at a distance of less than 200, may not be seen on the event, so watching from a safe is more likely.

The hallucinations would experience these subjects would be very similar to those induced in the laboratory when using EMT: balls or bright lines that appear to float in space in front of the subject. This is just what you say people who have reported sightings of ball lightning. Would report on the sighting of a “ball lightning” because of a preconception that it would have on them.

Although this is an interesting idea, that explains a phenomenon that has been repeatedly reported, also makes us wonder in what other circumstances existing magnetic fields can produce hallucinations otherwise. Will there be auditory hallucinations or mystical?

Asked to speculate on the science fiction novels are related to space travel times to neutron stars. While trying to solve the problem of tidal forces, not expressed a possible solution to the possible effects of the magnetic field of these objects on the astronauts. Perhaps the crew instantly jerk back. And there are more possibilities: humans affect an electromagnetic pulse induced by a nuclear explosion in the ionosphere?

According to the researchers Luis Moya-Albiol, Neus Herrero and M. Consuelo Bernal , Department of Psychiatry at the University of Valencia, “social cognition is a concept that refers to the set of mental operations underlying social interactions, and include the processes involved in perception, interpretation and response generation to the intentions, dispositions and behaviors of others. “

Inconsistent reactions may involve empathic failure in social interaction or a lack of knowledge not only of the other but of oneself, a kind of hole where the connections are lost or codes that cause an individual to understand the other without taking a rigid posture of criticism or trial. The inconsistency indicates a lack of those who can not develop empathy to accept that the world of emotions and reactions not only as he sees it includes a wide range of reactions, priorities and decisions on matters beyond their expertise.

In general, these individuals believe that only they see the world from a perspective of positive colors and judge the emotionality exhibition of others as a negative attitude, when in fact what happens to them is that they can accept on the other his capacity for self-recognition of their problems as the first step to address them. These individuals tend to react even with demonstrations psychosomatic because of mental incapacity to process emotions.

The incongruity of affect trial proclaimed and issued, as well as the incongruity between what they feel and what they perceive to alter the dynamics of social relations temporarily, sometimes indefinitely, although, as already mentioned, the empathy of someone who is not understood could remedy the defect or at least prevent the inconsistency of the person insufficiently empathetic relationship loses depth and objectives

It should be noted that in general, lack of empathy is associated with a low level of insight (self-analysis, self-questioning), and as you say Albiol and his colleagues, including researchers in the field, the social perception or ability to judge the roles and social rules and social context are similarly altered without the persons in question may even see it, for them the trial is positive, your intention is the best and their perception is the closest to reality. The others are the naysayers, malicious and blind to reality. In other words, by their lack of insight move their disabilities at the other and to continue his life without conflict or question their false truths.

Empathy is essential in the process of understanding our fellow man, to fail or be insufficient could seriously damage relationships.

The empathy or ability to “get in each other’s shoes” is a basic characteristic of human beings, but each possesses or develops at different levels. There are those who are highly empathetic and can understand others as if they were happening to themselves what the others live, and from this high degree of neuronal perception opens up a wide range of sensitivities that close decreasing individual who can not but like, understand each other from a different perspective than their own.
Illusory understandings

The affective-social problem arises, as expected, between those who believe to understand each other in conflicts but in reality they are mere observers or witnesses limited to a situation that had not been lived “in the flesh” can not be for them assimilated or analyzed from the heart of the emotions, feelings and actions of those who actually have it.

This type of “illusory understanding” occurs especially in situations beyond the ordinary shares such as: moves that involve large social and cultural changes, divorce, family crisis, employment decisions based on individual priorities and a series of circumstances that require high empathy to be understood from the outside, yet from the “inside”.

The consequence is immediate and mediate within that whoever believes understand but do not understand, takes a critical stance that hurts who hopes to be understood, who receives a partial theory and rigid “appropriate behavior” for your situation, based on assumptions that are not related to the center of his conflict or his emotions. This often leads to the person in crisis to create a temporary distance to release the space of misunderstanding harmful to your situation.

Can heal the emotional relationship if both people admit there is a mismatch between what you live and the other senses, and between what you need and the other offers or demands. In this process comes into play the empathy of the person suffering but is not understood, who noticing the other’s inability to put yourself in their shoes, you can choose to ignore criticism and incongruent reactions of the person who is unable to itself felt in what happens to others, without doubt the affection that unites them.

Not all people respond similarly to a stressful situation, some of them manifested a more intense fear.

The amygdala is an area of our brain with almond-shaped and receives a large amount of information in our environment, for example, smells, sights, sounds … We could say that the amygdala is our sentinel.

What do you do with all those signs? Responds to them by primitive signs thanks to his connections with the spinal cord, such as heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate. This explains that when someone comes to us at night and the fact that our life is in danger, we increase the heart rate, blood pressure and breathe in a jerky fashion. In addition, the pupils dilate and increases sweating. The amygdala has just activated the alarm.
Connections of the amygdala

The signals from the amygdala reach the hypothalamus, the area where corticotropic releasing hormone (HCT), which in turn is responsible for the release of cortisol (stress hormone). Cortisol is the substance responsible for leading the fight or flight through connections with our metabolism, since it directly influences the amount of glucose you should get the muscles.

There are connections from the amygdala that go to the cingulate cortex and other fibers that go directly into specific muscles. Such connections are what make the dog growl, arching your back and tighten cat musculature of the human vocal cords. So when we fear we get a high-pitched voice.

The information is also directed toward the locus coeruleus, an area in the brainstem, which is responsible for producing norepinephrine and disperse throughout the brain. The result? All of our brain is alert, the smallest of the stimulus can make us tremble in fear.

These connections bypass the cerebral cortex, what does this mean? We can not control. Our rational brain is outside the control of all these kinds of responses.

Neurotransmitters and fear

Being afraid is not bad. It is natural and positive, inherent in all animals. What is your role? Alerted to the danger, the defense planning and ensure our survival. Now, one of the characteristics of fear is anxiety and this depends basically on the interrelationship between two neurotransmitters, oxytocin and vasopressin at the level of the amygdala.

When the amygdala oxytocin dominates the person is calmer in situations of danger, while if more vasopressin increases anxiety, uncertainty and, ultimately, fear grips us. Our body prepares for fight or flight.
Fear Gene

Experience shows that not all people react the same way to a dangerous situation and, in part, our genes have much to say. Some scientists believe they have discovered the gene for fear. It is called COMT and directly regulates anxiety. It has been shown that this gene has two variants: Met 158 ​​and Val 158, ie, at position 158 can be methionine or valine. Those with two copies of Met 158 have a greater degree of anxiety when viewing unpleasant pictures and those with two copies of Val 158 to better control their emotions .

In short, the amygdala is the conductor of the responses of fear and its score are oxytocin and vasopressin.

Since its concept and its timing, falling in love is not synonymous with love. Psycho-brain processes associated with such states explain the difference.

Falling in love is considered by some scholars psychologists as a state of temporary psychosis, a crazy, to the surprise of a feeling that overpowers and confounds, which pushes to want to run faster than the wind and eat the world. Logic, reason trial and never could come into play in the psyche of a person in love. As stated by the psychiatrist and writer Irvin Yalom , a leading proponent of contemporary humanistic psychology, psychologists do not want to meet people in love, at least not during the short time that this state away from the clouded reason, because, simply, is useless to try to reason with them.

However, the person who has reached the certain conclusion that his sentiment is reflected in the verb to love , regardless of the intensity of acute and falling in love, logic, reasoning and self-analysis play important roles in decision making and the impact of each step to take. You can retain some impulsivity, if this is part of the personalities involved, but the long term are sought, as opposed to falling in love, in which the next thing to live is important.

In each process, the brain behaves differently, and thus the psyche of the individual, intimate relationship with the brain circuits activated express different behaviors.

The brain mechanisms involved in infatuation and love

According to researchers Bianchi-Demicheli, Grafton and Ortique University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland, the site of brain processing of love “romantic” correlates with subcortical structures involved in reward, motivation and the development of emotions . This finding suggested that love as a feeling, have a clearly directed toward complacency and is much more than a simple and spontaneous emotion .

In the early stages, when the attraction is overpowering and unmanageable from reason, mediate goals and long term can not be defined, although, paradoxically, is often the most time fantasizing the future. The intense emotions beyond any process of maturation and the words flow without a rationale or strong mental processing.

The behavior of a person in love, Bianchi-Demicheli state and its partners, once the love is transformed into a feeling, it becomes predictable and intended for a particular purpose. The authors demonstrated that brain function in cognitive tasks markedly rises to relate, even subliminally, by the name of the loved one, suggesting a facilitative action of love over many brain circuits, including that of cognition.

During the crush, the brain seems sunk to an obsession or addiction unmanageable related intimately to the idea of being that has captivated not seem to have cognitive processing circuits involved, but emotions and feelings associated with passionate instinctive behavior.

When love calls for decisions

Decisions made during the period of infatuation ethereal usually no real decisions. They are, however, fits with the feet not anchored to the mainland.

The feelings of joy and spiritual well-being confused with the physical excitement and euphoria of falling in love causes, and the mixture of the four emotions up to a conscious decision but a strong desire expressed as a plan equivalent to an imperfect future model of a real decision.

Over time the “madness of love” or transient psychosis, as Yalom calls it, the sudden feeling of love begins to take root on land and only then, decisions decisions or processes can be considered complete brain.

Being loving, he starts to feel their emotional needs, and not only physical or instinctive, and that which should fill in a period of infatuation could become an incomplete project according to their basic needs for shelter, company, projection and joint plans. This is the time in which reality imposes on the imagination.

The left brain (logical, thinking and the benefits and risks sopesante) begins to play a leading role on any decision to take. The vision of the beloved is expanded markedly, beginning the stage of real vision of others and their circumstances. The analysis of the reality surpasses the words heard.

The brain circuits that are involved and are more cognitive, including mathematical, speculative gains and losses of their own.

The right brain tends to balance the logical analysis of the left hemisphere, keeping emotions in a space supremacy over rational thought, until the latter rigidly imposed to save the self-esteem based on unmet needs, and preserve the emotional health of those who may be damaged if not met as scheduled or expected. The expectations are confronted with promises, to the facts. The thought process takes over bottom and emotional figure in a game of self-defense and conquest.

The limbic system, processor par excellence of the emotions, and empathy , the supreme condition of man, mark the route and destination of each connection once both hemispheres participate in the analysis of the appropriateness of that love as an emotion experienced before overpowering.
Conclusion

The infatuation excites the senses and clouds the reasoning but does the cycle in a few months to produce, or not, the true feeling of love, which is based on processes anchored in both hemispheres.

During the infatuation of the reasons or logical theories have no place whatsoever, nor self-analysis, but after initial instinctive emotion processed to become a feeling rooted and projects, such love demands from basic needs of those who love, the reason amalgamates the feeling and focus on the limbic and cortical areas and processing suborticales than evaluating every aspect of that feeling with full power to alter human behavior.